Essay --

ationship of the Structure 0f Biomolecules to their Functions in Living Organisms Living organisms are highly ordered and have the ability to grow, develop and reproduce, complex organisms including humans rely on cooperation between organs, tissues, cells and molecules to exist (Bailey, 2014). Complex living organisms such as mammals are made of up cells, which develop into tissues, organs and finally the organ systems. All living organisms are made up of cells, organisms can be unicellular or multicellular. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function of all living organisms, it is the foundation on which living organisms are erected. There are two main type of cells; the prokaryotic cell and the eukaryotic cell. The prokaryotic cell lacks a true nucleus while the eukaryotic cell has a true nucleus. The cell consists of a protoplasm bounded by a membrane which comprises of four main biomolecules which are; carbohydrates, p roteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Each of these biomolecules has its own group of smaller molecules classified under them whose structures also take part in chemical reaction. Carbohydrates are the primary sources of energy to the cell, lipids provide structural support to the cell membrane, proteins functions mainly as enzymes and the nucleic acids stores and carriers genetic information. This essay will discuss how the structure of molecules can enable them to function in different organisations of life. Monosaccharide are single molecules sugar that form the basic units of carbohydr... ...the recipe to the ribosome in the cytoplasm. In the translation stage, the mRNA is decoded to produce a definite amino acid chain or a polypeptide which will then form into an active protein. Each codon codes for a specific amino acid, the structure of codons allow different amino acids to be coded for because of their diverse sequences that they can be establish. To sum up, all biological molecules play very important roles both at the cell level and system level in organisms. However, some of these molecules are more important than the other in the sense that they can take part in almost all the metabolic reactions in living organisms at all levels of life. For example, proteins take part in most metabolic and anabolic reactions in organism, it also takes part in protein synthesis which involves nucleic acids and they are also present in the phospholipid bilayer.

Managing Pibrex Russia Essay

Pibrex, a European leader in the production and development of polymers, faces the loss of its three Russian subsidiaries. This threat stems from issues encountered after entering the region in 1992 and then being hit with the Russian financial crisis of August 1998. As result, a steering committee comprised of three senior managers from Pibrex Region Europe North (PREN) exercised many anti-crisis initiatives including assigning newly appointed financial controller Elena Michailova with the task of auditing all three Pibrex Russian subsidiaries. Upon completion of Michailova’s audit, she has discovered that it is the combination of remaining issues from the reduction period and the Russian financial crisis that threaten the existence of Pibrex’s existence in Russia. The steering committee’s ultimate goal is to resolve these issues to ensure survival of the Russian subsidiaries and breaking financially even in the near future. Issues Short term 1. Lack of an integrated operating system and task redundancy across departments 2. Large differences in wages between managers, sales, marketing, and production workers 3. Very little communication between management and subordinates 4. Poor working conditions Long term 1. In the plant there is a lack of order and financial control 2. Contention between staff and management 3. Bad management and employee relations 4. Outdated facilities Analysis Let us use the five why’s method of analysis to find the root cause: 1. Why is Pibrex in danger of losing its Russian subsidiaries? Pibrex is in danger of losing its Russian subsidiaries because of unresolved issues lingering after the reduction period and the Russian financial crisis. 2. Why were these issues left unresolved? The issues were never resolved by previous management. 3. Why were these issues never resolved by previous management? Managers were distant and many times unaware of issues within the organization. 4. Why were managers distant and unaware? There was a lack of communication and operational control for the management of Pibrex Russia. 5. Why was there was a lack of communication and operational control for the management of Pibrex Russia? Pibrex used a decentralized structure worldwide. This structure was complicated and Russians did not easily adapt to it. Pibrex Region Europe North had many other subsidiaries besides Russia therefore issues in the Russian subsidiaries were often over looked. This limited progress and denied proper management of Pibrex Russia. The root cause of Pibrex being in danger of losing is Russian subsidiaries is the use of a decentralized structure. Alternatives 1. Go to a much more centralized structure that the Russians are more accustomed to 2. Restructure management my replacing all managers 3. PREN would focus more on the Russian subsidiaries 4. Drop all Russian subsidiaries and disperse production duties among other subsidiaries in PREN Criteria 1. Financial losses from the Russian subsidiaries must stop 2. Management should be more accessible and properly trained 3. Communication between managers and subordinates is key 4. Improve workforce morale 5. Increase efficiency Decision Pibrex needs Elena Michailova to take the job of financial and managing director of Pibrex KZ. I believe that her taking on both positions is the only scenario where Pibrex can keep the Russian subsidiaries and eventually make them profitable again. Michailova has seen the issues and identified them through her audit. There is no one else more qualified than her to take on these two positions. She also happens to be Russian a unlike her predecessor. This should help greatly in resolving the tense relationship with the workers and management. With her experience and a well thought out restructuring plan, I have the up most confidence that the Russian  subsidiaries can be saved. Programming the Decision Elena Michailova as the experience, all she needs is a solid restructuring plan. The short term issues should be addressed immediately. Finances will be tight at first so she might have to think outside of the box to be able resolve some of these issues. For instance, if the budget will not allow for a new integrated operating system she might have to find a better way of communication to cut down on task redundancy and revenue loss due to missed deliveries. Michailova will also have to decide if she can make the decentralized management work in Russia. If she can get the Russians to adapt to the concept it might be beneficial. Decentralized management makes access to excellent expertise but if the Russians cannot adapt then it might be more productive to have a more centralized form of management for them. She will also have to deal with the financial crisis. This might mean more layoffs to cut costs. It will definitely mean making production more effective. The subsidiaries will no t survive in this financial climate if it cannot find ways to save money and make a profit.

What Happened During The Financial Crisis Of 2007-09

Examination Number: B068878 Title of Course: Introduction to Business The name of your teaching assistant: Yida Zhiu The date of submission: 09/03/2016 Word count: 2477 Title of Essay: Briefly explain what happened during the financial crisis of 2007-09. Choose any one aspect or question about the crisis which has attracted attention, and explain the findings of research on this question. Financial Crisis 2007-2009. When analyzing causes of the global financial crisis and its specific symptoms, it is clear that the deepening of globalization processes and high level of internationalization of the world economy determined the significant losses of national financial systems and slowed down their development. The global financial crisis of 2007 - 2009 was a destructive phenomenon, which adversely affected development of the international financial system in during globalization. This crisis has acquired a global status, as it started in one country (USA), gradually spreading to other countries, regions, continents and eventually all the world space. According to Bloomberg, the financial crisis in 2007 – 2009 caused damage to banks shareholders worth more than 690 billion US dollars. In contrast, the total losses in the banking sector worldwide during the crisis in the early 1990s amounted to 200 billion US dollars. The 2007-09 crisis is characterized by a decline in total value of national wealth of the world: from 107 trillion to 50 trillion US dollars. Since mid-2007, theShow MoreRelatedHow Banks Went Broke : A Look Into The Financial Crisis Of 2007-20081696 Words   |  7 Pages Lawrence Humes 4/28/15 Mr. Donnellan Period 1 How Banks Went Broke: A Look into the Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 Nobody foresaw what was about to happen to the economy. In the beginning of the 21st Century the economy was at a state of peace and unity. 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